Short Questions (120)
Easy Questions (30%)
1. What is bioenergetics?
2. Define ATP.
3. What is the role of ATP in cellular activities?
4. How is ATP produced in cells?
5. What is meant by "oxidation" in biological reactions?
6. Define the term "reduction" in the context of chemical reactions.
7. Why is ATP called the "energy currency" of the cell?
8. What are the main components of ATP?
9. How does ATP release energy?
10. What are the products of photosynthesis?
11. Write down the general equation for photosynthesis.
12. What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
13. How do plants obtain water for photosynthesis?
14. Name the main organelle involved in photosynthesis.
15. What are limiting factors in photosynthesis?
16. Define respiration.
17. What is glycolysis?
18. What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
19. What is the function of mitochondria in respiration?
20. Name the two stages of photosynthesis.
21. What are the raw materials required for photosynthesis?
22. What is the main function of ATP synthase?
23. What are the end products of aerobic respiration?
24. What is the significance of the energy budget in respiration?
25. How is light energy captured in photosynthesis?
26. What is the role of water in photosynthesis?
27. What is anaerobic respiration?
28. Define the term "energy budget."
29. Name one limiting factor in photosynthesis.
30. What is fermentation?
Moderate Questions (40%)
31. Explain the importance of ATP in metabolic processes.
32. Describe the structure of ATP.
33. How is ATP synthesized during cellular respiration?
34. What is the role of NAD+ and FAD in oxidation-reduction reactions?
35. How does the energy stored in ATP benefit the cell?
36. What is the function of the electron transport chain?
37. How is water split in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
38. Describe the role of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
39. How does chlorophyll absorb light energy?
40. What are the two main types of chlorophyll?
41. Describe the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
42. How do limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
43. What is the significance of the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?
44. How is ATP formed during glycolysis?
45. Explain the role of coenzymes in respiration.
46. What are the by-products of anaerobic respiration in yeast cells?
47. How is energy transferred through the different stages of cellular respiration?
48. Describe the function of chloroplasts in photosynthesis.
49. What is the difference between oxidation and reduction reactions?
50. What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?
51. Describe the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
52. What are the products of the light-independent reactions?
53. How is the energy budget calculated in respiration?
54. Explain the role of enzymes in the breakdown of glucose during respiration.
55. What are the main stages of cellular respiration?
56. How is carbon dioxide released during respiration?
57. Describe the significance of chemiosmosis in ATP production.
58. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
59. How do ATP molecules store and transfer energy?
60. What is the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?
61. Describe the process of photophosphorylation.
62. How does the ATP/ADP cycle work in cells?
63. What is the importance of limiting factors in optimizing photosynthesis?
64. Describe the role of ATP in cell signaling.
65. How does light intensity affect photosynthesis?
66. What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
67. Explain how ATP is regenerated in the electron transport chain.
68. Describe the process of lactic acid fermentation.
69. How do plant cells maintain an energy balance through photosynthesis and respiration?
70. What is the significance of the Krebs cycle in energy production?
Tough Questions (30%)
71. Explain the detailed mechanism of ATP synthesis in mitochondria.
72. Describe the chemiosmotic theory of ATP production.
73. How do proton gradients drive ATP synthesis?
74. Explain the role of ATP in active transport.
75. How does ATP hydrolysis provide energy for endergonic reactions?
76. Discuss the regulation of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis.
77. Describe how light energy is converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis.
78. How do C4 and CAM plants differ in their photosynthetic processes?
79. Explain how oxidation-reduction reactions are involved in energy transfer.
80. How do cells regulate the production and consumption of ATP?
81. Describe the significance of the energy budget in determining the efficiency of respiration.
82. Explain the role of cytochromes in the electron transport chain.
83. How do different wavelengths of light affect photosynthesis?
84. What is the impact of limiting factors on the rate of photosynthesis in different environments?
85. Describe the regulation of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
86. Explain the role of ATP in protein synthesis.
87. How do uncouplers affect the production of ATP?
88. Describe the process of cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation.
89. What is the significance of photorespiration in plants?
90. How do changes in ATP levels affect metabolic pathways?
91. Describe the role of ATP in the replication and repair of DNA.
92. Explain how cellular respiration and photosynthesis are interdependent processes.
93. How does the structure of mitochondria support its function in ATP production?
94. Discuss the impact of inhibitors on the electron transport chain.
95. How does ATP production differ in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
96. What is the role of chlorophyll b in the light-dependent reactions?
97. Explain the significance of the Calvin cycle in carbon fixation.
98. Describe the importance of oxidative phosphorylation in aerobic respiration.
99. How do plants adapt to changes in light intensity during photosynthesis?
100. Discuss the effects of environmental stress on the rate of photosynthesis.
101. How is the efficiency of ATP production regulated in different cell types?
102. Explain how ATP functions as an energy source in the synthesis of macromolecules.
103. How do cells use ATP to control metabolic flux?
104. What is the relationship between ATP concentration and cellular respiration rate?
105. Discuss the role of ATP in energy transduction.
106. How do inhibitors and uncouplers affect ATP synthesis in mitochondria?
107. Describe the role of accessory pigments in photosynthesis.
108. How do plant cells manage excess light energy?
109. Explain how different stages of respiration contribute to the overall energy yield.
110. Discuss the role of ATP in regulating enzyme activity.
Long Questions (10)
Easy Questions (30%)
1. Explain the role of ATP in cellular activities and its importance as an energy carrier.
2. Describe the mechanism of photosynthesis, highlighting the role of chlorophyll and light.
3. What are the stages of cellular respiration, and how is ATP produced in each stage?
Moderate Questions (40%)
4. Explain the significance of limiting factors in photosynthesis, with examples of how they influence the rate of photosynthesis.
5. Discuss the process of oxidative phosphorylation and its role in energy production.
6. Describe the interrelationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration, explaining how they contribute to energy balance in organisms.
Tough Questions (30%)
7. Describe the chemiosmotic theory of ATP production and the role of the electron transport chain in this process.
8. Explain the role of C4 and CAM pathways in photosynthesis and their adaptive significance in different environments.
9. Discuss the factors affecting the rate of cellular respiration and their impact on the overall energy yield.
10. Describe the mechanisms of enzyme regulation in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.