Short Questions (100)
Easy Questions (30%)
1. What are enzymes?
2. Define enzyme specificity.
3. What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
4. Name any two characteristics of enzymes.
5. What is a substrate in enzymatic reactions?
6. How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
7. What is the active site of an enzyme?
8. Name two uses of enzymes in daily life.
9. What is meant by enzyme denaturation?
10. Name one factor that affects enzyme activity.
11. Define the term "enzyme-substrate complex."
12. What happens to enzyme activity at very high temperatures?
13. How does pH affect enzyme activity?
14. What is the effect of enzyme concentration on reaction rate?
15. What is a coenzyme?
16. Give an example of an enzyme.
17. What is the effect of temperature on enzyme action?
18. What happens when an enzyme is denatured?
19. Define enzyme inhibition.
20. How do enzymes differ from catalysts?
21. What is meant by enzyme turnover number?
22. Name the enzyme that breaks down starch.
23. What are cofactors in enzyme activity?
24. What is the role of enzyme inhibitors?
25. Define enzyme kinetics.
26. What is meant by enzyme saturation?
27. What is the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity?
28. What is an enzyme activator?
29. Define the term "enzyme-substrate specificity."
30. Give an example of an industrial use of enzymes.
Moderate Questions (40%)
31. How do enzymes lower activation energy?
32. Describe the "lock and key" model of enzyme action.
33. What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
34. Explain the concept of enzyme specificity with an example.
35. How do changes in temperature affect enzyme activity?
36. What is the significance of enzyme activity in metabolism?
37. Explain the "induced fit" model of enzyme action.
38. Describe the role of cofactors in enzyme function.
39. How do inhibitors affect enzyme activity?
40. What is the function of allosteric enzymes?
41. Explain the term "enzyme-substrate complex."
42. Describe how pH influences enzyme activity.
43. What is competitive inhibition of enzyme activity?
44. Explain how non-competitive inhibitors work.
45. What is the role of enzymes in cellular respiration?
46. Describe the mechanism of enzyme action.
47. How do enzymes contribute to the synthesis of DNA?
48. What is the significance of enzyme kinetics?
49. Describe the relationship between enzyme structure and function.
50. What is meant by enzyme regulation?
51. How does enzyme concentration affect reaction rate?
52. What is feedback inhibition in enzyme activity?
53. Explain the role of enzymes in protein synthesis.
54. What is the function of enzymes in glycolysis?
55. Describe the term "enzyme-substrate interaction."
56. How do environmental factors influence enzyme activity?
57. Explain the role of temperature as a factor affecting enzyme activity.
58. What is enzyme denaturation and what causes it?
59. How do enzymes maintain homeostasis in the body?
60. Describe the importance of enzymes in the food industry.
61. What are the applications of enzymes in biotechnology?
62. Describe the mechanism of competitive enzyme inhibition.
63. Explain the role of enzymes in disease diagnosis.
64. How are enzymes used in genetic engineering?
65. Describe how enzymes act as biological catalysts.
66. Explain how enzyme activity can be measured.
67. What is the effect of enzyme inhibitors on metabolic pathways?
68. How do enzymes function in different pH environments?
69. Describe how substrate concentration affects enzyme activity.
70. What is the relationship between enzyme structure and specificity?
Tough Questions (30%)
71. Discuss the impact of irreversible enzyme inhibitors on cellular function.
72. How do enzymes contribute to signal transduction pathways?
73. Explain the molecular basis of enzyme specificity.
74. How does enzyme activity relate to the Michaelis-Menten equation?
75. What is the role of enzyme allosteric regulation in metabolic control?
76. How do enzymes interact with substrates at the molecular level?
77. Discuss the impact of enzyme mutations on metabolic disorders.
78. How do feedback mechanisms regulate enzyme activity in metabolic pathways?
79. Explain the role of cofactors in the catalytic efficiency of enzymes.
80. How do changes in enzyme conformation affect activity?
81. Discuss the use of enzyme inhibitors in pharmaceuticals.
82. How does temperature-induced denaturation affect enzyme activity?
83. Describe the kinetic properties of enzymes and their relation to substrate concentration.
84. Explain the process of enzyme catalysis in biochemical reactions.
85. How do enzyme defects lead to genetic diseases?
86. Discuss the role of isozymes in enzyme regulation.
87. Explain how enzymes are used in the production of biofuels.
88. How do enzyme allosteric sites differ from active sites?
89. What is the significance of enzyme kinetics in drug development?
90. Discuss the role of enzymes in the breakdown of complex molecules.
91. How does enzyme inhibition alter metabolic pathways?
92. Explain the role of enzyme kinetics in the design of metabolic inhibitors.
93. Describe the process of enzyme catalysis in metabolic pathways.
94. How do allosteric enzymes function in metabolic regulation?
95. Discuss the role of enzymes in oxidative phosphorylation.
96. Explain the mechanism of action of proteolytic enzymes.
97. How do enzyme deficiencies cause metabolic imbalances?
98. Discuss the effect of post-translational modifications on enzyme activity.
99. How do enzyme activators influence catalytic activity?
100. Explain the structural features that determine enzyme specificity.
Long Questions (7)
Easy Questions (30%)
1. Explain the characteristics and significance of enzymes as biological catalysts.
2. Describe the factors affecting enzyme activity with examples.
3. Discuss the role of enzymes in industrial applications.
Moderate Questions (40%)
4. Describe the mechanism of enzyme action and explain the "lock and key" and "induced fit" models.
5. Explain enzyme inhibition and differentiate between competitive and non-competitive inhibition.
6. Discuss the significance of enzymes in metabolic pathways and their regulation.
Tough Questions (30%)
7. Describe the role of enzymes in genetic engineering and biotechnology, including their applications and potential impacts.
This set of questions follows the style and requirements of BISE, Gujranwala, and covers all aspects of the topic in a structured manner.