Here’s a question bank for Chapter 9 on semiconductors, diodes, radio waves, computers, converters, and information technology. Questions are structured into easy, moderate, and tough categories to match BISE Gujranwala standards.
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### **Short Questions (120 Questions)**
#### **Easy (30%) - 36 Questions**
1. What is a semiconductor?
2. Name two types of semiconductors.
3. What is a diode?
4. Define a p-n junction.
5. What is an intrinsic semiconductor?
6. What is an extrinsic semiconductor?
7. Name one use of a semiconductor diode.
8. Define radio waves.
9. What is the speed of radio waves?
10. What is an analogue signal?
11. What is a digital signal?
12. What does an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) do?
13. What does a digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) do?
14. What is a computer?
15. Name two types of computers.
16. What is information technology (IT)?
17. What is the purpose of a transistor?
18. Define the term "semiconductor device."
19. What is binary code?
20. What does "MHz" stand for in radio communication?
21. What is an LED?
22. Name one example of a semiconductor material.
23. What is silicon?
24. What is the role of a diode in electronics?
25. Define "frequency" in terms of radio waves.
26. What is a processor?
27. What is a microchip?
28. What is meant by “computer hardware”?
29. What is computer software?
30. What is the function of an ADC?
31. Define digital communication.
32. What is a semiconductor’s conductivity compared to conductors?
33. What is an insulator?
34. Name one example of an insulator.
35. What is a junction diode?
36. What is IT used for in daily life?
#### **Moderate (40%) - 48 Questions**
37. Explain how a semiconductor works.
38. What is the difference between an n-type and a p-type semiconductor?
39. Describe the structure of a diode.
40. How does a semiconductor diode work?
41. Explain the term "doping" in semiconductors.
42. What is the function of a p-n junction?
43. Describe the characteristics of radio waves.
44. Explain the difference between AM and FM radio.
45. How does a transistor amplify signals?
46. Explain the use of diodes in rectification.
47. Describe the process of analogue-to-digital conversion.
48. What is the purpose of a digital-to-analogue converter?
49. What are the main components of a computer?
50. Describe the function of the CPU.
51. Explain how binary code is used in computers.
52. What is the importance of information technology?
53. Describe the role of IT in education.
54. How do computers store information?
55. Describe the working principle of a diode.
56. What are semiconductors used for in everyday devices?
57. Describe the concept of digital signals.
58. How are digital signals different from analogue signals?
59. What is the role of a DAC in a computer system?
60. How is data converted from digital to analogue?
61. What is an oscillator in electronics?
62. Explain the function of a modem.
63. Describe how information technology affects communication.
64. What is a microprocessor?
65. How does a light-emitting diode (LED) work?
66. What is the difference between a transistor and a diode?
67. What are radio waves used for?
68. How does a p-n junction form in semiconductors?
69. What is the role of a capacitor in electronics?
70. Describe the use of semiconductors in solar cells.
71. Explain how an ADC improves data accuracy.
72. What is the importance of semiconductor diodes in electronics?
73. How does a DAC help in audio systems?
74. Describe the function of memory in computers.
75. What is the difference between hardware and software?
76. Explain how computers process information.
77. Describe the use of IT in the healthcare sector.
78. How do digital meters measure signals?
79. What is the principle of a rectifier circuit?
80. Explain the application of transistors in amplifiers.
81. Describe how digital signals are created.
82. How does frequency affect radio transmission?
83. Explain the basic working of an IT network.
84. What is the purpose of a motherboard in a computer?
85. Describe how digital-to-analogue conversion is used in telecommunication.
86. How are radio waves generated?
87. Explain the function of an integrated circuit (IC).
88. What are the advantages of using digital signals in IT?
#### **Tough (30%) - 36 Questions**
89. Explain the importance of semiconductors in modern electronics.
90. How does doping increase the conductivity of a semiconductor?
91. Describe how a p-n junction controls the flow of current.
92. Explain the principle of radio wave modulation.
93. What are the limitations of analogue signals?
94. Describe the process of analogue-to-digital conversion in detail.
95. Explain the role of semiconductors in transistors.
96. Describe the structure and function of a light-emitting diode (LED).
97. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using digital signals?
98. How does frequency modulation (FM) differ from amplitude modulation (AM)?
99. Explain the working principle of an n-p-n transistor.
100. Describe how a semiconductor can act as both a conductor and an insulator.
101. Explain the role of IT in business and commerce.
102. How do transistors amplify weak signals?
103. Describe the effect of temperature on semiconductor conductivity.
104. Explain the function and importance of integrated circuits in computers.
105. What is the difference between an analogue-to-digital converter and a digital-to-analogue converter?
106. Describe the role of information technology in modern banking.
107. Explain how digital storage is different from analogue storage.
108. Describe the working of a rectifier circuit using diodes.
109. How is a DAC used in audio processing?
110. Explain the concept of frequency in relation to radio waves.
111. How do semiconductors play a role in photovoltaic cells?
112. Explain the process of digitizing an analogue signal.
113. Describe the uses of radio waves in satellite communication.
114. How do microprocessors perform calculations?
115. Explain how computers convert analogue data into digital form.
116. Describe the impact of IT on society.
117. What is the importance of digital-to-analogue conversion in broadcasting?
118. Explain how semiconductors are used in sensors.
119. Discuss the challenges in using analogue signals for data transmission.
120. Explain how binary code forms the basis of digital technology.
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### **Long Questions (10 Questions)**
#### **Easy (30%) - 3 Questions**
1. Define semiconductors and explain their importance. Describe the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
2. Explain the construction and working of a semiconductor diode. List some of its uses.
3. Define radio waves and describe their properties. Explain their uses in daily life.
#### **Moderate (40%) - 4 Questions**
4. Explain the process of analogue-to-digital and digital-to-analogue conversion. Discuss the importance of each.
5. Describe the basic structure of a computer. Explain the function of its main components.
6. Define information technology (IT). Discuss the impact of IT in different sectors, such as education and healthcare.
7. Describe how a p-n junction is formed in semiconductors. Explain how it allows current flow in one direction.
#### **Tough (30%) - 3 Questions**
8. Explain how a transistor works as an amplifier. Discuss its applications in electronic devices.
9. Discuss the role of semiconductors in modern technology. Explain how they are used in devices like transistors and solar cells.
10. Describe how digital signals are created from analogue signals. Explain the significance of digital communication in today’s world.