Here’s a comprehensive question bank for Chapter 8, covering topics like electric current, Ohm's law, circuit components, AC and DC, and more. These questions are organized into easy, moderate, and tough categories to align with BISE Gujranwala standards.
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### **Short Questions (120 Questions)**
#### **Easy (30%) - 36 Questions**
1. Define electric current.
2. What is conventional current?
3. Define potential difference.
4. What is the unit of electric current?
5. State Ohm's law.
6. What is resistance?
7. Name any two components of an electric circuit.
8. What is a closed circuit?
9. Define a direct current (DC).
10. What is alternating current (AC)?
11. Give one example of direct current usage.
12. What is the difference between AC and DC?
13. Define a resistor.
14. What is the purpose of a fuse in an electric circuit?
15. What is a cell in a circuit?
16. Define voltage.
17. What does an ammeter measure?
18. What is the SI unit of voltage?
19. Define power in terms of electricity.
20. What is an electric circuit?
21. What does a voltmeter measure?
22. Define the term "analogue meter."
23. What is a digital meter?
24. Name two types of electric current.
25. What is the symbol for resistance?
26. What is a switch in a circuit?
27. Define a conductor.
28. What is an insulator?
29. Why is copper used in wiring?
30. What is the SI unit of resistance?
31. Define electrical energy.
32. What is the function of a circuit breaker?
33. What is earthing?
34. Name a precaution when handling electrical devices.
35. What is electric shock?
36. What is a battery?
#### **Moderate (40%) - 48 Questions**
37. Explain how electric current flows in a circuit.
38. Describe the role of potential difference in a circuit.
39. How does a resistor affect the flow of electric current?
40. Explain Ohm’s law with its mathematical formula.
41. What is meant by the term "potential difference"?
42. Define the term "conductor" and give an example.
43. Describe the function of a fuse in a household circuit.
44. What is a short circuit?
45. How is electricity supplied to homes?
46. How does alternating current (AC) change direction?
47. Explain the use of direct current (DC) in electronics.
48. What are the main components of an electric circuit?
49. Explain the difference between a series and a parallel circuit.
50. Describe how a battery works in a circuit.
51. What is the role of earthing in electric circuits?
52. Why is a switch important in a circuit?
53. How does a circuit breaker work?
54. What is the function of an analogue meter?
55. Explain the advantages of a digital meter over an analogue meter.
56. How does an ammeter measure current?
57. Why is it dangerous to touch live wires?
58. Describe the role of resistors in protecting circuits.
59. What is the purpose of using insulators in electrical wiring?
60. Explain the significance of earthing in a building.
61. Describe the dangers of electric shock.
62. Explain how to prevent electric shock at home.
63. What is the principle of a generator?
64. Describe the working of an electric motor.
65. Explain how electricity can cause fires.
66. Why is it necessary to have a proper fuse in electrical devices?
67. Explain the function of a capacitor in a circuit.
68. How does a digital voltmeter work?
69. Describe the function of a transformer in power supply.
70. What are some common uses of AC in daily life?
71. How does voltage affect the flow of electric current?
72. Explain how a potentiometer works.
73. What is the function of a diode in a circuit?
74. Why do electric circuits need circuit diagrams?
75. Describe the process of measuring current in a circuit.
76. Explain the concept of electric power and its formula.
77. How is electrical energy calculated?
78. Why is electricity dangerous near water?
79. Describe the use of alternating current in industrial machines.
80. What is the importance of circuit components?
81. Explain how a relay works in an electrical circuit.
82. Describe the function of a thermistor.
83. Why are circuit diagrams important in electrical engineering?
84. Explain the principle of a digital multimeter.
#### **Tough (30%) - 36 Questions**
85. Explain why potential difference is necessary for current flow.
86. Describe how the resistance of a conductor affects current flow.
87. How does Ohm’s law apply in a circuit with varying resistance?
88. Explain why AC is preferred over DC in power transmission.
89. Describe the differences between analogue and digital measuring instruments.
90. Explain the hazards of using high-voltage electricity.
91. How does alternating current differ from direct current in its flow?
92. Describe the role of resistors and capacitors in controlling current flow.
93. How does a rheostat control the amount of current in a circuit?
94. Explain the effects of resistance on the heat produced in a conductor.
95. What safety measures should be taken while working with electrical devices?
96. Explain how a digital multimeter measures voltage, current, and resistance.
97. Describe how a circuit breaker protects electrical appliances.
98. Explain the working of a variable resistor.
99. How does earthing protect against electric shock?
100. Describe the structure and working of a thermocouple.
101. Explain the significance of using insulators in high-voltage circuits.
102. How does a transformer adjust voltage in a power supply?
103. Describe how resistance changes with temperature in a conductor.
104. Explain why a parallel circuit is more practical than a series circuit in homes.
105. Discuss how electricity supply is measured in homes.
106. Describe the function and importance of surge protectors.
107. Explain the effects of electric current on the human body.
108. Describe how electricity is supplied to large buildings.
109. Explain the working of an electric generator.
110. Discuss the importance of alternating current in the national power grid.
111. Describe the role of a capacitor in an AC circuit.
112. Explain the process of electricity generation in a power plant.
113. Discuss the significance of using analogue meters in measuring fluctuations.
114. Explain how a digital meter improves measurement accuracy.
115. Describe the importance of power factor in AC circuits.
116. How does the earth wire provide safety in electrical devices?
117. Discuss the hazards of using faulty electrical equipment.
118. Explain why Ohm’s law is not applicable to all materials.
119. Describe how a fuse works to prevent electrical hazards.
120. Discuss the factors that affect resistance in a material.
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### **Long Questions (10 Questions)**
#### **Easy (30%) - 3 Questions**
1. Define electric current and conventional current. Explain the differences between the two with examples.
2. Explain Ohm’s law in detail, including its formula, graph, and practical applications.
3. Describe the main components of an electric circuit and explain their functions.
#### **Moderate (40%) - 4 Questions**
4. Differentiate between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). Explain their uses and examples in daily life.
5. Explain the process of electricity supply in homes. Discuss how it is measured and mention the safety precautions involved.
6. Discuss the differences between analogue and digital meters. Explain the advantages of using digital meters in measuring electricity.
7. Describe the structure, working, and applications of an electric generator in the production of electricity.
#### **Tough (30%) - 3 Questions**
8. Describe the dangers of electricity and outline important safety measures to avoid electric shocks and fires.
9. Explain how alternating current (AC) is generated and transmitted to homes. Discuss the role of transformers in this process.
10. Explain the function and importance of circuit breakers and surge protectors in a domestic electric supply. Discuss how they work to prevent electrical hazards.