Acids, Bases, and Salts
### **Short Questions (120)**
#### **Easy Questions (30%)**
1. Define acids.
2. What is a base?
3. State the Arrhenius concept of acids.
4. What is the limitation of the Arrhenius concept?
5. Define the Bronsted-Lowry concept of acids.
6. What is a Lewis acid?
7. Give two general properties of acids.
8. State one physical property of acids.
9. List two common chemical properties of acids.
10. How do acids react with carbonates?
11. What is a neutralization reaction?
12. What is pH?
13. Name an indicator used to measure pH.
14. Define a salt.
15. What are the uses of acids?
16. State one use of bases.
17. Give an example of an acidic salt.
18. What are mixed salts?
19. How are soluble salts prepared?
20. What is the pH range of acids?
21. Define a universal indicator.
22. How is pH of a solution measured?
23. Give an example of a base.
24. What does the pH meter measure?
25. How do acids react with bicarbonates?
26. What are complex salts?
27. List one property of bases.
28. Name two types of salts.
29. What is a double salt?
30. What is the formula for the pH scale?
#### **Moderate Questions (40%)**
31. Explain the Arrhenius concept of acids with an example.
32. Describe the limitation of the Bronsted-Lowry concept.
33. Explain the Lewis concept of acids and bases with an example.
34. How do acids react with sulphides?
35. Describe the reaction of acids with sulphites.
36. State two chemical properties of bases.
37. How are insoluble salts prepared?
38. Describe the reaction between acids and ammonium salts.
39. Why is pH important in chemistry?
40. How is pH related to the concentration of hydrogen ions?
41. What is a neutral salt?
42. Describe the preparation of soluble salts through the reaction of acids with metals.
43. Differentiate between acidic and basic salts.
44. How do bases react with acids?
45. List two characteristics of salts.
46. How is a universal indicator used?
47. Explain the role of the pH scale in determining acidity and basicity.
48. Describe the physical properties of acids.
49. What happens when acids react with bases?
50. Describe the chemical properties of acids.
51. Explain the concept of neutralization reaction with an example.
52. How are salts classified based on their properties?
53. Describe the reaction of acids with metallic oxides.
54. How do acids react with carbonates?
55. List two uses of salts.
56. How do indicators help in identifying acids and bases?
57. What does the term "neutral solution" mean?
58. Explain the precipitation of hydroxides in bases.
59. Describe the preparation of an acidic salt.
60. Differentiate between physical and chemical properties of acids.
61. Explain the uses of pH in daily life.
62. Describe how a pH meter works.
63. How is a neutralization reaction used in industry?
64. Describe the preparation of salts by neutralization.
65. Explain the preparation of double salts.
66. How do acidic salts differ from neutral salts?
67. What are the types of salts based on their reaction?
68. Describe how a basic salt is formed.
69. Why are indicators important in titrations?
70. How can the pH of a solution indicate its nature?
71. Explain the preparation of salts using acids and bases.
72. How is a complex salt different from a normal salt?
73. Describe the importance of salts in biological processes.
74. Explain why pH is measured in different solutions.
75. Describe the process of neutralization with an example.
76. State the characteristics of acids in terms of taste and pH.
77. Explain the reaction between acids and sulphites with a chemical equation.
78. Differentiate between a normal salt and a mixed salt.
79. Describe a method to prepare an insoluble salt.
80. Why is pH important in agriculture?
#### **Tough Questions (30%)**
81. Explain why the Arrhenius concept is limited in terms of non-aqueous solutions.
82. How do Bronsted-Lowry acids differ from Lewis acids?
83. Describe the pH scale and its significance in detail.
84. Explain why the Bronsted-Lowry concept cannot explain acid-base behavior in all solvents.
85. How do you determine the strength of an acid using its pH?
86. Explain the preparation of an insoluble salt with an example.
87. Describe the chemical properties of bases with chemical equations.
88. Discuss the uses of pH in industry.
89. Explain the reaction of acids with ammonium salts using chemical equations.
90. Differentiate between double salts and complex salts.
91. Discuss the importance of Lewis concept in understanding acid-base behavior.
92. Describe the method of preparing salts through the reaction of acids and carbonates.
93. What are the characteristics of a strong acid?
94. How do indicators work chemically to show pH?
95. Describe the importance of neutralization reactions in environmental applications.
96. How are complex salts used in the chemical industry?
97. Discuss the limitations of the Arrhenius concept with examples.
98. How does the pH scale help in distinguishing strong and weak bases?
99. Explain why bases can precipitate hydroxides in certain conditions.
100. Discuss the significance of Bronsted-Lowry concept in biological systems.
101. Why are salts considered neutral substances?
102. Explain the use of a pH meter in laboratory settings.
103. Discuss the properties of double salts and their applications.
104. How do acidic and basic salts affect the pH of a solution?
105. Describe the role of bases in neutralizing acids in the stomach.
106. How does a universal indicator differ from a single indicator?
107. Explain the impact of pH on solubility.
108. Discuss the industrial applications of neutralization reactions.
109. Describe the preparation of salts by the reaction of an acid and a metal.
110. Explain the uses of complex salts in medicine.
111. How do double salts differ in structure and properties from normal salts?
112. Explain the limitations of the Bronsted-Lowry theory with examples.
113. Describe the process of titration to determine pH.
114. Explain why the reaction of acids and bicarbonates releases gas.
115. Describe how pH influences chemical equilibrium.
116. What are the limitations of using pH as a measure of acidity?
117. Discuss the uses of bases in environmental management.
118. Describe the physical significance of the pH scale.
119. How do acidic salts behave differently from neutral salts?
120. Explain the applications of double salts in food processing.
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### **Long Questions (10)**
#### **Easy Questions (30%)**
1. Explain the Arrhenius concept of acids and bases with examples.
2. Describe the preparation methods for soluble salts.
3. Discuss the pH scale and its importance in chemistry.
#### **Moderate Questions (40%)**
4. Explain the Bronsted-Lowry concept of acids and bases with examples.
5. Discuss the general properties of acids, including physical and chemical aspects.
6. Describe the preparation of salts through the reaction of acids with metals, bases, and metallic oxides.
#### **Tough Questions (30%)**
7. Explain the Lewis concept of acids and bases and compare it with the Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry concepts.
8. Discuss the chemical properties of bases, including reactions with acids, ammonium salts, and the precipitation of hydroxides.
9. Explain the process and significance of neutralization reactions in daily life.
10. Describe in detail the different types of salts, including examples of each type, and discuss their uses in industry.