Here’s a set of 60 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on the topic "Acids, Bases, and Salts," designed to align with BISE, Gujranwala standards. The questions are categorized into easy, moderate, and tough levels, with answers provided at the end.
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### **MCQs on Acids, Bases, and Salts**
#### **Easy Questions (30%)**
1. **Which of the following is an example of an Arrhenius acid?**
- A) NaOH
- B) HCl
- C) NH₃
- D) CH₄
2. **What is the pH value of pure water?**
- A) 0
- B) 7
- C) 14
- D) 10
3. **Which indicator is commonly used to test for acidity?**
- A) Blue litmus
- B) Phenolphthalein
- C) Methyl orange
- D) Universal indicator
4. **Which gas is evolved when an acid reacts with a carbonate?**
- A) Hydrogen
- B) Oxygen
- C) Carbon dioxide
- D) Nitrogen
5. **What type of solution has a pH greater than 7?**
- A) Acidic
- B) Neutral
- C) Basic
- D) Alkaline
6. **Which of the following is a property of acids?**
- A) Bitter taste
- B) Slippery feel
- C) Turns blue litmus red
- D) None of the above
7. **What do we call a substance that donates protons (H⁺ ions)?**
- A) Acid
- B) Base
- C) Salt
- D) Water
8. **Which of the following is a base?**
- A) H₂SO₄
- B) NaOH
- C) HCl
- D) CH₃COOH
9. **Which of the following salts is formed from hydrochloric acid?**
- A) NaCl
- B) Na₂SO₄
- C) MgSO₄
- D) KNO₃
10. **What is the process of neutralization?**
- A) Acid + Base → Salt + Water
- B) Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen
- C) Acid + Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
- D) All of the above
#### **Moderate Questions (40%)**
11. **According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, which statement is true?**
- A) Acids accept protons
- B) Bases donate protons
- C) Acids donate protons
- D) Bases accept protons
12. **Which of the following is a limitation of the Arrhenius concept?**
- A) It does not explain the behavior of acids in non-aqueous solutions.
- B) It only applies to strong acids.
- C) It cannot explain acid-base reactions in gas phase.
- D) Both A and C
13. **What is a characteristic property of bases?**
- A) Sour taste
- B) Turns red litmus blue
- C) Produces H⁺ ions in solution
- D) Reacts with metals to produce hydrogen
14. **What type of salt is formed when sulfuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?**
- A) Acidic salt
- B) Basic salt
- C) Neutral salt
- D) Double salt
15. **Which method can be used to prepare soluble salts?**
- A) Direct displacement
- B) Neutralization
- C) Reaction with a carbonate
- D) All of the above
16. **What is the main use of a pH meter?**
- A) To measure the temperature of a solution
- B) To measure the color intensity of a solution
- C) To determine the acidity or basicity of a solution
- D) To identify the presence of salts
17. **Which of the following is not a property of acids?**
- A) Sour taste
- B) Reacts with metals to produce hydrogen
- C) Turns blue litmus red
- D) Feels slippery
18. **What is formed when an acid reacts with an ammonium salt?**
- A) Salt and water
- B) Ammonia gas
- C) Carbon dioxide
- D) Hydrogen gas
19. **Which of the following reactions is an example of a precipitation reaction?**
- A) Acid + Base
- B) Acid + Carbonate
- C) Mixing two soluble salts
- D) Acid + Metal
20. **How is the pH of a solution affected by adding an acid?**
- A) Increases
- B) Decreases
- C) Remains the same
- D) Becomes neutral
21. **What does a universal indicator show?**
- A) Only acidic solutions
- B) The exact pH value
- C) The strength of acids only
- D) The range of pH from 0 to 14
22. **Which of the following salts is considered a double salt?**
- A) NaCl
- B) KNO₃
- C) CaCl₂·2H₂O
- D) Na₂SO₄
23. **Which acid is produced during the reaction between an acid and a metallic oxide?**
- A) Water
- B) Salt
- C) Oxygen
- D) Carbon dioxide
24. **What is the primary characteristic of a complex salt?**
- A) Contains only one metal
- B) Contains both cation and anion
- C) Contains a complex ion
- D) Is insoluble in water
25. **Which reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a sulfate?**
- A) Gas evolution
- B) Neutralization
- C) No reaction
- D) Formation of a precipitate
26. **What happens to the pH of a solution when a base is added?**
- A) It becomes acidic
- B) It becomes neutral
- C) It becomes more basic
- D) It remains unchanged
27. **What type of salt is formed when an acid reacts with a carbonate?**
- A) Neutral salt
- B) Acidic salt
- C) Basic salt
- D) Hydrochloric salt
28. **Which of the following describes acidic salts?**
- A) Formed from strong acids and strong bases
- B) Formed from weak acids and strong bases
- C) Contain excess H⁺ ions
- D) Both B and C
29. **What is produced when sulfuric acid reacts with calcium carbonate?**
- A) Calcium sulfate
- B) Water
- C) Carbon dioxide
- D) All of the above
30. **What does the pH scale measure?**
- A) Concentration of H⁺ ions
- B) Concentration of OH⁻ ions
- C) Concentration of salts
- D) Concentration of water
#### **Tough Questions (30%)**
31. **Which of the following represents the Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction?**
- A) HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
- B) NH₃ + H₂O ⇌ NH₄⁺ + OH⁻
- C) H₂SO₄ + Ca(OH)₂ → CaSO₄ + H₂O
- D) NaHCO₃ + HCl → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
32. **What limitation does the Brønsted-Lowry theory have?**
- A) It cannot explain reactions involving Lewis acids.
- B) It only applies to aqueous solutions.
- C) It does not consider proton transfer.
- D) It does not include neutralization reactions.
33. **What are Lewis acids defined as?**
- A) Proton donors
- B) Electron pair acceptors
- C) Proton acceptors
- D) Electron pair donors
34. **What happens when a strong acid is mixed with a weak base?**
- A) A neutral solution is formed
- B) A basic solution is formed
- C) The pH remains unchanged
- D) An acidic solution is formed
35. **Which statement best describes a normal salt?**
- A) Formed from a strong acid and weak base
- B) Formed from a weak acid and strong base
- C) Formed from a strong acid and strong base
- D) Does not dissociate in water
36. **In the reaction of an acid with a metal, what is the role of the metal?**
- A) It acts as a Lewis acid.
- B) It acts as a reducing agent.
- C) It donates protons.
- D) It reacts with the base.
37. **Which of the following is a limitation
of the Lewis concept?**
- A) It does not explain proton transfer.
- B) It only considers reactions in aqueous solutions.
- C) It cannot explain acid-base behavior in non-polar solvents.
- D) All of the above.
38. **How can you prepare an insoluble salt?**
- A) Neutralization reaction
- B) Direct displacement
- C) Precipitation reaction
- D) Both A and C
39. **Which characteristic is not typical of basic salts?**
- A) Alkaline in nature
- B) Can react with acids
- C) Formed from strong acids
- D) Produce OH⁻ ions in solution
40. **What kind of reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a hydroxide?**
- A) Precipitation
- B) Neutralization
- C) Redox
- D) Combustion
41. **What is formed when nitric acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate?**
- A) Sodium nitrate
- B) Carbon dioxide
- C) Water
- D) All of the above
42. **Which of the following salts can act as a Lewis acid?**
- A) NaCl
- B) MgCl₂
- C) AlCl₃
- D) K₂SO₄
43. **What property distinguishes double salts from normal salts?**
- A) Solubility in water
- B) Formation from a single acid
- C) Contains more than one cation
- D) None of the above
44. **Which method can be used to identify an unknown acid in a solution?**
- A) Conductivity test
- B) Litmus test
- C) Solubility test
- D) All of the above
45. **How are acidic salts produced?**
- A) Reaction between a strong acid and weak base
- B) Reaction between a weak acid and strong base
- C) Reaction between two strong acids
- D) Both A and B
46. **What is an example of a complex salt?**
- A) NaCl
- B) CaSO₄
- C) [Cu(NH₃)₄]SO₄
- D) KNO₃
47. **What occurs during the neutralization of a strong acid with a weak base?**
- A) The pH remains neutral
- B) The pH decreases
- C) The pH increases
- D) The pH depends on the concentrations
48. **What is the primary characteristic of an acidic salt?**
- A) Contains H⁺ ions
- B) Is formed from strong bases
- C) Dissolves completely in water
- D) Contains OH⁻ ions
49. **Which salt is formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide?**
- A) KCl
- B) K₂SO₄
- C) NaCl
- D) NH₄Cl
50. **How do we prepare soluble salts using the direct displacement method?**
- A) By reacting acids with metals
- B) By neutralizing acids with bases
- C) By reacting acids with carbonates
- D) By mixing two soluble salts
51. **Which type of acid is carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)?**
- A) Strong acid
- B) Weak acid
- C) Neutral acid
- D) Basic acid
52. **Which of the following salts is an example of a mixed salt?**
- A) KCl
- B) Na₂SO₄
- C) Mg(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂
- D) CaCO₃
53. **What happens to the pH of a solution when a strong base is added to a weak acid?**
- A) It decreases
- B) It increases
- C) It becomes neutral
- D) It remains unchanged
54. **What is the role of hydroxide ions in a basic solution?**
- A) They donate protons.
- B) They accept protons.
- C) They react with acids.
- D) Both B and C.
55. **Which of the following reactions is an example of a neutralization reaction?**
- A) H₂SO₄ + Zn → ZnSO₄ + H₂
- B) HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
- C) HNO₃ + CaCO₃ → Ca(NO₃)₂ + CO₂ + H₂O
- D) All of the above
56. **Which compound can be used to prepare sulfuric acid?**
- A) Sulfur dioxide
- B) Sodium sulfate
- C) Sodium bicarbonate
- D) Calcium carbonate
57. **How is the solubility of a salt determined?**
- A) By temperature alone
- B) By pH alone
- C) By the nature of the acid and base used
- D) By all of the above
58. **Which of the following is a characteristic of a basic salt?**
- A) It reacts with acids
- B) It has a pH of 7
- C) It forms only weak acids
- D) It cannot produce hydroxide ions
59. **Which reaction produces a salt and water?**
- A) Acid + Metal
- B) Acid + Carbonate
- C) Acid + Base
- D) Acid + Non-metal
60. **Which of the following salts is soluble in water?**
- A) BaSO₄
- B) AgCl
- C) NaCl
- D) PbI₂
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### **Answers:**
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. C
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. A
11. C
12. D
13. B
14. C
15. D
16. C
17. D
18. B
19. A
20. B
21. D
22. C
23. A
24. C
25. C
26. C
27. A
28. D
29. D
30. A
31. B
32. A
33. B
34. D
35. C
36. B
37. D
38. C
39. C
40. B
41. D
42. C
43. C
44. D
45. D
46. C
47. D
48. A
49. A
50. A
51. B
52. C
53. B
54. D
55. B
56. A
57. D
58. A
59. C
60. C