Biotechnology
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)
Introduction to Biotechnology
1. Biotechnology is the use of biological processes for:
- (A) Soil cultivation
- (B) Scientific exploration
- (C) Industrial and other practical purposes
- (D) Space exploration
2. A common tool used in biotechnology for altering genes is:
- (A) Microscopes
- (B) Chromatography
- (C) Gene editing
- (D) Centrifugation
3. Which field often uses biotechnology for product improvement?
- (A) Chemistry
- (B) Archaeology
- (C) Agriculture
- (D) Astronomy
4. Biotechnology helps in the development of:
- (A) Smartphones
- (B) Solar panels
- (C) Biofuels
- (D) High-speed trains
5. Tissue culture is a technique used to:
- (A) Study brain activity
- (B) Grow plants from cells
- (C) Produce hybrid animals
- (D) Analyze soil composition
Biotechnology in Different Fields
6. Which of the following is a key application of biotechnology in agriculture?
- (A) Pesticide production
- (B) Genetic engineering of crops
- (C) Animal cloning
- (D) Air purification
7. Bioinformatics mainly deals with:
- (A) Studying plant life
- (B) Analyzing biological data
- (C) Soil erosion
- (D) The effects of pollution
8. Biotechnology helps the environment by:
- (A) Increasing forest size
- (B) Producing eco-friendly plastics
- (C) Increasing mineral resources
- (D) Reducing rainfall
9. Pharming in biotechnology is:
- (A) Production of pharmaceuticals from genetically modified plants or animals
- (B) Planting medicinal herbs
- (C) Using chemicals to treat diseases
- (D) Farming of pharmaceutical plants
10. Biotechnology has impacted food production by:
- (A) Reducing farming techniques
- (B) Enhancing shelf life
- (C) Increasing food waste
- (D) Making food tastier only
Fermentation: Types and Uses
11. The process of fermentation primarily involves:
- (A) Protein formation
- (B) Breaking down carbohydrates
- (C) Oil extraction
- (D) Metal purification
12. Anaerobic fermentation occurs:
- (A) In the presence of oxygen
- (B) Without oxygen
- (C) In sunlight only
- (D) Under high pressure
13. In food production, fermentation is often used to:
- (A) Preserve flavor
- (B) Extend shelf life
- (C) Both A and B
- (D) Increase color
14. Lactic acid fermentation is most commonly used in making:
- (A) Cheese and yogurt
- (B) Juice
- (C) Coffee
- (D) Grains
15. Which organism is essential for alcoholic fermentation?
- (A) Algae
- (B) Fungi
- (C) Yeast
- (D) Bacteria
Application of Fermentation
16. Fermentation in the dairy industry is commonly used to produce:
- (A) Butter
- (B) Milk
- (C) Yogurt
- (D) Cream
17. Bioethanol production uses which fermentation process?
- (A) Lactic acid fermentation
- (B) Alcoholic fermentation
- (C) Citric acid fermentation
- (D) Anaerobic fermentation
18. Antibiotics are made using:
- (A) Chemical processes only
- (B) Genetic cloning
- (C) Fermentation
- (D) Bioethics
19. Vinegar is produced by which fermentation process?
- (A) Citric acid fermentation
- (B) Alcoholic fermentation
- (C) Acetic acid fermentation
- (D) Lactic acid fermentation
20. Fermentation contributes to waste management by:
- (A) Removing nutrients
- (B) Converting waste into useful products
- (C) Increasing pollution
- (D) Storing waste underground
Fermentor and Process
21. The purpose of a fermentor in industrial fermentation is to:
- (A) Store raw materials
- (B) Control fermentation conditions
- (C) Filter products
- (D) Weigh substances
22. Which of the following is vital for temperature regulation in a fermentor?
- (A) pH meter
- (B) Cooling jacket
- (C) Pressure gauge
- (D) Inoculum
23. In a fermentor, sterilization is essential to:
- (A) Avoid contamination
- (B) Control taste
- (C) Increase fermentation speed
- (D) Decrease cell growth
24. A common inoculum in fermentors is:
- (A) Raw yeast
- (B) Filtered water
- (C) Bacteria
- (D) Plant extracts
25. Oxygen is supplied in a fermentor by:
- (A) Using a vacuum
- (B) Diffusion only
- (C) Sparging
- (D) Mechanical stirring
Genetic Engineering
26. Genetic engineering is a technique used to:
- (A) Breed animals traditionally
- (B) Modify organisms' genes
- (C) Change soil structure
- (D) Analyze weather patterns
27. Recombinant DNA is:
- (A) Cloned DNA
- (B) Mutated DNA
- (C) DNA combined from different sources
- (D) Unchanged DNA
28. Genetic engineering differs from traditional breeding because it:
- (A) Uses only plants
- (B) Directly alters DNA
- (C) Avoids lab work
- (D) Has no industrial use
29. Which enzyme is crucial in DNA splicing?
- (A) Amylase
- (B) DNA ligase
- (C) Protease
- (D) Lactase
30. Gene cloning involves:
- (A) Producing copies of genes
- (B) Synthesizing new species
- (C) Deleting genes
- (D) Gene mutation
Basic Steps in Genetic Engineering
31. DNA extraction involves:
- (A) Isolating DNA from cells
- (B) Degrading DNA
- (C) Mutating DNA
- (D) Synthesizing DNA
32. The role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering is to:
- (A) Break down food
- (B) Cut DNA at specific sites
- (C) Repair broken DNA
- (D) Transport DNA
33. PCR is a technique used for:
- (A) Gene splicing
- (B) Amplifying DNA
- (C) Synthesizing protein
- (D) Extracting minerals
34. Vectors in genetic engineering:
- (A) Cut DNA
- (B) Carry genes into host cells
- (C) Break down cells
- (D) Act as fertilizers
35. Gene therapy is designed to:
- (A) Increase species diversity
- (B) Correct genetic disorders
- (C) Clone organisms
- (D) Modify soil fertility
Achievements of Genetic Engineering
36. A significant achievement in genetic engineering is:
- (A) Creation of synthetic viruses
- (B) Production of insulin
- (C) Formation of ozone
- (D) Discovery of antibiotics
37. Pest-resistant crops are developed by:
- (A) Chemical processes
- (B) Genetic modification
- (C) Mechanical processes
- (D) Bioethics
38. Golden Rice is genetically modified to:
- (A) Grow faster
- (B) Increase vitamin A content
- (C) Resist herbicides
- (D) Enhance taste
39. Synthetic hormones in genetic engineering are used to:
- (A) Increase disease spread
- (B) Treat hormonal disorders
- (C) Reduce gene diversity
- (D) Make plants green
40. Gene therapy helps in treating:
- (A) Infectious diseases
- (B) Genetic disorders
- (C) Soil degradation
- (D) Temperature fluctuations
Single-Cell Protein (SCP)
41. SCP stands for:
- (A) Single-cell productivity
- (B) Single-cell protein
- (C) Simple cell process
- (D) Structured cell pattern
42. Single-cell protein is derived from:
- (A) Multicellular organisms
- (B) Microorganisms
- (C) Plants only
- (D) Animal tissues
43. SCP production helps combat:
- (A) Water pollution
- (B) Food scarcity
- (C) Climate change
- (D) Air pollution
44. The main advantage of SCP is its:
- (A) High carbohydrate content
- (B) High protein yield
- (C) Low cost
- (D) Preservation quality
45. Common SCP sources include:
- (A) Fungi and algae
- (B) Large animals
- (C) Seeds
- (D) Roots and tubers
Answers
1. (C) Industrial and other practical purposes
2. (C) Gene editing
3. (C) Agriculture
4. (C) Biofuels
5. (B) Grow plants from cells
6. (B) Genetic engineering of crops
7. (B) Analyzing biological data
8. (B) Producing eco-friendly plastics
9. (A) Production of pharmaceuticals from genetically modified plants or animals
10. (B) Enhancing shelf life
11. (B) Breaking down carbohydrates
12. (B) Without oxygen
13. (C) Both A and B
14. (A) Cheese and yogurt
15. (C) Yeast
16. (C) Yogurt
17. (B) Alcoholic fermentation
18. (C) Fermentation
19. (C) Acetic acid fermentation
20. (B) Converting waste into useful products
21. (B) Control fermentation conditions
22. (B) Cooling jacket
23. (A) Avoid contamination
24. (A) Raw yeast
25. (C) Sparging
26. (B) Modify organisms' genes
27. (C) DNA combined from different sources
28. (B) Directly alters DNA
29. (B) DNA ligase
30. (A) Producing copies of genes
31. (A) Isolating DNA from cells
32. (B) Cut DNA at specific sites
33. (B) Amplifying DNA
34. (B) Carry genes into host cells
35. (B) Correct genetic disorders
36. (B) Production of insulin
37. (B) Genetic modification
38. (B) Increase vitamin A content
39. (B) Treat hormonal disorders
40. (B) Genetic disorders
41. (B) Single-cell protein
42. (B) Microorganisms
43. (B) Food scarcity
44.(B) High protein yield
45. (A) Fungi and algae